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    // MinIO Rust Library for Amazon S3 Compatible Cloud Storage
    // Copyright 2022 MinIO, Inc.
    //
    // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    // You may obtain a copy of the License at
    //
    //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    //
    // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    // limitations under the License.

    use crate::s3::error::Error;
    use crate::s3::utils::{to_query_string, Multimap};
    use derivative::Derivative;
    use hyper::http::Method;
    use hyper::Uri;
    use std::fmt;

    #[derive(Derivative)]
    #[derivative(Clone, Debug, Default)]
    pub struct Url {
        #[derivative(Default(value = "true"))]
        pub https: bool,
        pub host: String,
        pub port: u16,
        pub path: String,
        pub query: Multimap,
    }

    impl Url {
        pub fn host_header_value(&self) -> String {
            if self.port > 0 {
                return format!("{}:{}", self.host, self.port);
            }
            return self.host.clone();
        }
    }

    impl fmt::Display for Url {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            if self.host.is_empty() {
                return Err(std::fmt::Error);
            }

            if self.https {
                f.write_str("https://")?;
            } else {
                f.write_str("http://")?;
            }

            if self.port > 0 {
                f.write_str(format!("{}:{}", self.host, self.port).as_str())?;
            } else {
                f.write_str(&self.host)?;
            }

            if !self.path.starts_with("/") {
                f.write_str("/")?;
            }
            f.write_str(&self.path)?;

            if !self.query.is_empty() {
                f.write_str("?")?;
                f.write_str(&to_query_string(&self.query))?;
            }

            Ok(())
        }
    }

    fn extract_region(host: &str) -> String {
        let tokens: Vec<&str> = host.split('.').collect();
        let region = match tokens.get(1) {
            Some(r) => match *r {
                "dualstack" => match tokens.get(2) {
                    Some(t) => t,
                    _ => "",
                },
                "amazonaws" => "",
                _ => r,
            },
            _ => "",
        };
        return region.to_string();
    }

    #[derive(Derivative)]
    #[derivative(Clone, Debug, Default)]
    pub struct BaseUrl {
        #[derivative(Default(value = "true"))]
        pub https: bool,
        host: String,
        port: u16,
        pub region: String,
        pub aws_host: bool,
        accelerate_host: bool,
        dualstack_host: bool,
        virtual_style: bool,
    }

    impl BaseUrl {
        pub fn build_url(
            &self,
            method: &Method,
            region: &String,
            query: &Multimap,
            bucket_name: Option<&str>,
            object_name: Option<&str>,
        ) -> Result<Url, Error> {
            if !object_name.map_or(true, |v| v.is_empty()) {
                if bucket_name.map_or(true, |v| v.is_empty()) {
                    return Err(Error::UrlBuildError(String::from(
                        "empty bucket name provided for object name",
                    )));
                }
            }

            let mut url = Url::default();
            url.https = self.https;
            url.host = self.host.clone();
            url.port = self.port;
            url.query = query.clone();

            if bucket_name.is_none() {
                url.path.push_str("/");
                if self.aws_host {
                    url.host = format!("s3.{}.{}", region, self.host);
                }
                return Ok(url);
            }

            let bucket = bucket_name.unwrap();

            let enforce_path_style = true &&
    	// CreateBucket API requires path style in Amazon AWS S3.
    	    (method == Method::PUT && object_name.is_none() && query.is_empty()) ||
    	// GetBucketLocation API requires path style in Amazon AWS S3.
    	    query.contains_key("location") ||
    	// Use path style for bucket name containing '.' which causes
    	// SSL certificate validation error.
    	    (bucket.contains('.') && self.https);

            if self.aws_host {
                let mut s3_domain = "s3.".to_string();
                if self.accelerate_host {
                    if bucket.contains('.') {
                        return Err(Error::UrlBuildError(String::from(
                            "bucket name with '.' is not allowed for accelerate endpoint",
                        )));
                    }

                    if !enforce_path_style {
                        s3_domain = "s3-accelerate.".to_string();
                    }
                }

                if self.dualstack_host {
                    s3_domain.push_str("dualstack.");
                }
                if enforce_path_style || !self.accelerate_host {
                    s3_domain.push_str(region);
                    s3_domain.push_str(".");
                }
                url.host = s3_domain + &url.host;
            }

            if enforce_path_style || !self.virtual_style {
                url.path.push_str("/");
                url.path.push_str(bucket);
            } else {
                url.host = format!("{}.{}", bucket, url.host);
            }

            if object_name.is_some() {
                if object_name.unwrap().chars().nth(0) != Some('/') {
                    url.path.push_str("/");
                }
                // FIXME: urlencode path
                url.path.push_str(object_name.unwrap());
            }

            return Ok(url);
        }

        pub fn from_string(s: String) -> Result<BaseUrl, Error> {
            let url = s.parse::<Uri>()?;

            let https = match url.scheme() {
                None => true,
                Some(scheme) => match scheme.as_str() {
                    "http" => false,
                    "https" => true,
                    _ => {
                        return Err(Error::InvalidBaseUrl(String::from(
                            "scheme must be http or https",
                        )))
                    }
                },
            };

            let mut host = match url.host() {
                Some(h) => h,
                _ => {
                    return Err(Error::InvalidBaseUrl(String::from(
                        "valid host must be provided",
                    )))
                }
            };

            let ipv6host = "[".to_string() + host + "]";
            if host.parse::<std::net::Ipv6Addr>().is_ok() {
                host = &ipv6host;
            }

            let mut port = match url.port() {
                Some(p) => p.as_u16(),
                _ => 0u16,
            };

            if (https && port == 443) || (!https && port == 80) {
                port = 0u16;
            }

            if url.path() != "/" && url.path() != "" {
                return Err(Error::InvalidBaseUrl(String::from(
                    "path must be empty for base URL",
                )));
            }

            if !url.query().is_none() {
                return Err(Error::InvalidBaseUrl(String::from(
                    "query must be none for base URL",
                )));
            }

            let mut accelerate_host = host.starts_with("s3-accelerate.");
            let aws_host = (host.starts_with("s3.") || accelerate_host)
                && (host.ends_with(".amazonaws.com") || host.ends_with(".amazonaws.com.cn"));
            let virtual_style = aws_host || host.ends_with("aliyuncs.com");

            let mut region = String::new();
            let mut dualstack_host = false;

            if aws_host {
                let mut aws_domain = "amazonaws.com";
                region = extract_region(host);

                let is_aws_china_host = host.ends_with(".cn");
                if is_aws_china_host {
                    aws_domain = "amazonaws.com.cn";
                    if region.is_empty() {
                        return Err(Error::InvalidBaseUrl(String::from(
                            "region must be provided in Amazon S3 China endpoint",
                        )));
                    }
                }

                dualstack_host = host.contains(".dualstack.");
                host = aws_domain;
            } else {
                accelerate_host = false;
            }

            return Ok(BaseUrl {
                https: https,
                host: host.to_string(),
                port: port,
                region: region,
                aws_host: aws_host,
                accelerate_host: accelerate_host,
                dualstack_host: dualstack_host,
                virtual_style: virtual_style,
            });
        }
    }