/*
Copyright 2015 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package cache

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
	utilfeature "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/util/feature"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/features"

	"github.com/golang/glog"
	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1beta1"
)

var (
	cleanAssumedPeriod = 1 * time.Second
)

// New returns a Cache implementation.
// It automatically starts a go routine that manages expiration of assumed pods.
// "ttl" is how long the assumed pod will get expired.
// "stop" is the channel that would close the background goroutine.
func New(ttl time.Duration, stop <-chan struct{}) Cache {
	cache := newSchedulerCache(ttl, cleanAssumedPeriod, stop)
	cache.run()
	return cache
}

type schedulerCache struct {
	stop   <-chan struct{}
	ttl    time.Duration
	period time.Duration

	// This mutex guards all fields within this cache struct.
	mu sync.RWMutex
	// a set of assumed pod keys.
	// The key could further be used to get an entry in podStates.
	assumedPods map[string]bool
	// a map from pod key to podState.
	podStates map[string]*podState
	nodes     map[string]*NodeInfo
	nodeTree  *NodeTree
	pdbs      map[string]*policy.PodDisruptionBudget
	// A map from image name to its imageState.
	imageStates map[string]*imageState
}

type podState struct {
	pod *v1.Pod
	// Used by assumedPod to determinate expiration.
	deadline *time.Time
	// Used to block cache from expiring assumedPod if binding still runs
	bindingFinished bool
}

type imageState struct {
	// Size of the image
	size int64
	// A set of node names for nodes having this image present
	nodes sets.String
}

// ImageStateSummary provides summarized information about the state of an image.
type ImageStateSummary struct {
	// Size of the image
	Size int64
	// Used to track how many nodes have this image
	NumNodes int
}

// createImageStateSummary returns a summarizing snapshot of the given image's state.
func (cache *schedulerCache) createImageStateSummary(state *imageState) *ImageStateSummary {
	return &ImageStateSummary{
		Size:     state.size,
		NumNodes: len(state.nodes),
	}
}

func newSchedulerCache(ttl, period time.Duration, stop <-chan struct{}) *schedulerCache {
	return &schedulerCache{
		ttl:    ttl,
		period: period,
		stop:   stop,

		nodes:       make(map[string]*NodeInfo),
		nodeTree:    newNodeTree(nil),
		assumedPods: make(map[string]bool),
		podStates:   make(map[string]*podState),
		pdbs:        make(map[string]*policy.PodDisruptionBudget),
		imageStates: make(map[string]*imageState),
	}
}

// Snapshot takes a snapshot of the current schedulerCache. The method has performance impact,
// and should be only used in non-critical path.
func (cache *schedulerCache) Snapshot() *Snapshot {
	cache.mu.RLock()
	defer cache.mu.RUnlock()

	nodes := make(map[string]*NodeInfo)
	for k, v := range cache.nodes {
		nodes[k] = v.Clone()
	}

	assumedPods := make(map[string]bool)
	for k, v := range cache.assumedPods {
		assumedPods[k] = v
	}

	pdbs := make(map[string]*policy.PodDisruptionBudget)
	for k, v := range cache.pdbs {
		pdbs[k] = v.DeepCopy()
	}

	return &Snapshot{
		Nodes:       nodes,
		AssumedPods: assumedPods,
		Pdbs:        pdbs,
	}
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) UpdateNodeNameToInfoMap(nodeNameToInfo map[string]*NodeInfo) error {
	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()

	for name, info := range cache.nodes {
		if utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate.Enabled(features.BalanceAttachedNodeVolumes) && info.TransientInfo != nil {
			// Transient scheduler info is reset here.
			info.TransientInfo.resetTransientSchedulerInfo()
		}
		if current, ok := nodeNameToInfo[name]; !ok || current.generation != info.generation {
			nodeNameToInfo[name] = info.Clone()
		}
	}
	for name := range nodeNameToInfo {
		if _, ok := cache.nodes[name]; !ok {
			delete(nodeNameToInfo, name)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) List(selector labels.Selector) ([]*v1.Pod, error) {
	alwaysTrue := func(p *v1.Pod) bool { return true }
	return cache.FilteredList(alwaysTrue, selector)
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) FilteredList(podFilter PodFilter, selector labels.Selector) ([]*v1.Pod, error) {
	cache.mu.RLock()
	defer cache.mu.RUnlock()
	// podFilter is expected to return true for most or all of the pods. We
	// can avoid expensive array growth without wasting too much memory by
	// pre-allocating capacity.
	maxSize := 0
	for _, info := range cache.nodes {
		maxSize += len(info.pods)
	}
	pods := make([]*v1.Pod, 0, maxSize)
	for _, info := range cache.nodes {
		for _, pod := range info.pods {
			if podFilter(pod) && selector.Matches(labels.Set(pod.Labels)) {
				pods = append(pods, pod)
			}
		}
	}
	return pods, nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) AssumePod(pod *v1.Pod) error {
	key, err := getPodKey(pod)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()
	if _, ok := cache.podStates[key]; ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("pod %v is in the cache, so can't be assumed", key)
	}

	cache.addPod(pod)
	ps := &podState{
		pod: pod,
	}
	cache.podStates[key] = ps
	cache.assumedPods[key] = true
	return nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) FinishBinding(pod *v1.Pod) error {
	return cache.finishBinding(pod, time.Now())
}

// finishBinding exists to make tests determinitistic by injecting now as an argument
func (cache *schedulerCache) finishBinding(pod *v1.Pod, now time.Time) error {
	key, err := getPodKey(pod)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	cache.mu.RLock()
	defer cache.mu.RUnlock()

	glog.V(5).Infof("Finished binding for pod %v. Can be expired.", key)
	currState, ok := cache.podStates[key]
	if ok && cache.assumedPods[key] {
		dl := now.Add(cache.ttl)
		currState.bindingFinished = true
		currState.deadline = &dl
	}
	return nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) ForgetPod(pod *v1.Pod) error {
	key, err := getPodKey(pod)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()

	currState, ok := cache.podStates[key]
	if ok && currState.pod.Spec.NodeName != pod.Spec.NodeName {
		return fmt.Errorf("pod %v was assumed on %v but assigned to %v", key, pod.Spec.NodeName, currState.pod.Spec.NodeName)
	}

	switch {
	// Only assumed pod can be forgotten.
	case ok && cache.assumedPods[key]:
		err := cache.removePod(pod)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		delete(cache.assumedPods, key)
		delete(cache.podStates, key)
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("pod %v wasn't assumed so cannot be forgotten", key)
	}
	return nil
}

// Assumes that lock is already acquired.
func (cache *schedulerCache) addPod(pod *v1.Pod) {
	n, ok := cache.nodes[pod.Spec.NodeName]
	if !ok {
		n = NewNodeInfo()
		cache.nodes[pod.Spec.NodeName] = n
	}
	n.AddPod(pod)
}

// Assumes that lock is already acquired.
func (cache *schedulerCache) updatePod(oldPod, newPod *v1.Pod) error {
	if err := cache.removePod(oldPod); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	cache.addPod(newPod)
	return nil
}

// Assumes that lock is already acquired.
func (cache *schedulerCache) removePod(pod *v1.Pod) error {
	n := cache.nodes[pod.Spec.NodeName]
	if err := n.RemovePod(pod); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if len(n.pods) == 0 && n.node == nil {
		delete(cache.nodes, pod.Spec.NodeName)
	}
	return nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) AddPod(pod *v1.Pod) error {
	key, err := getPodKey(pod)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()

	currState, ok := cache.podStates[key]
	switch {
	case ok && cache.assumedPods[key]:
		if currState.pod.Spec.NodeName != pod.Spec.NodeName {
			// The pod was added to a different node than it was assumed to.
			glog.Warningf("Pod %v was assumed to be on %v but got added to %v", key, pod.Spec.NodeName, currState.pod.Spec.NodeName)
			// Clean this up.
			cache.removePod(currState.pod)
			cache.addPod(pod)
		}
		delete(cache.assumedPods, key)
		cache.podStates[key].deadline = nil
		cache.podStates[key].pod = pod
	case !ok:
		// Pod was expired. We should add it back.
		cache.addPod(pod)
		ps := &podState{
			pod: pod,
		}
		cache.podStates[key] = ps
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("pod %v was already in added state", key)
	}
	return nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) UpdatePod(oldPod, newPod *v1.Pod) error {
	key, err := getPodKey(oldPod)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()

	currState, ok := cache.podStates[key]
	switch {
	// An assumed pod won't have Update/Remove event. It needs to have Add event
	// before Update event, in which case the state would change from Assumed to Added.
	case ok && !cache.assumedPods[key]:
		if currState.pod.Spec.NodeName != newPod.Spec.NodeName {
			glog.Errorf("Pod %v updated on a different node than previously added to.", key)
			glog.Fatalf("Schedulercache is corrupted and can badly affect scheduling decisions")
		}
		if err := cache.updatePod(oldPod, newPod); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		currState.pod = newPod
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("pod %v is not added to scheduler cache, so cannot be updated", key)
	}
	return nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) RemovePod(pod *v1.Pod) error {
	key, err := getPodKey(pod)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()

	currState, ok := cache.podStates[key]
	switch {
	// An assumed pod won't have Delete/Remove event. It needs to have Add event
	// before Remove event, in which case the state would change from Assumed to Added.
	case ok && !cache.assumedPods[key]:
		if currState.pod.Spec.NodeName != pod.Spec.NodeName {
			glog.Errorf("Pod %v was assumed to be on %v but got added to %v", key, pod.Spec.NodeName, currState.pod.Spec.NodeName)
			glog.Fatalf("Schedulercache is corrupted and can badly affect scheduling decisions")
		}
		err := cache.removePod(currState.pod)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		delete(cache.podStates, key)
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("pod %v is not found in scheduler cache, so cannot be removed from it", key)
	}
	return nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) IsAssumedPod(pod *v1.Pod) (bool, error) {
	key, err := getPodKey(pod)
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}

	cache.mu.RLock()
	defer cache.mu.RUnlock()

	b, found := cache.assumedPods[key]
	if !found {
		return false, nil
	}
	return b, nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) GetPod(pod *v1.Pod) (*v1.Pod, error) {
	key, err := getPodKey(pod)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	cache.mu.RLock()
	defer cache.mu.RUnlock()

	podState, ok := cache.podStates[key]
	if !ok {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pod %v does not exist in scheduler cache", key)
	}

	return podState.pod, nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) AddNode(node *v1.Node) error {
	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()

	n, ok := cache.nodes[node.Name]
	if !ok {
		n = NewNodeInfo()
		cache.nodes[node.Name] = n
	} else {
		cache.removeNodeImageStates(n.node)
	}

	cache.nodeTree.AddNode(node)
	cache.addNodeImageStates(node, n)
	return n.SetNode(node)
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) UpdateNode(oldNode, newNode *v1.Node) error {
	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()

	n, ok := cache.nodes[newNode.Name]
	if !ok {
		n = NewNodeInfo()
		cache.nodes[newNode.Name] = n
	} else {
		cache.removeNodeImageStates(n.node)
	}

	cache.nodeTree.UpdateNode(oldNode, newNode)
	cache.addNodeImageStates(newNode, n)
	return n.SetNode(newNode)
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) RemoveNode(node *v1.Node) error {
	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()

	n := cache.nodes[node.Name]
	if err := n.RemoveNode(node); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// We remove NodeInfo for this node only if there aren't any pods on this node.
	// We can't do it unconditionally, because notifications about pods are delivered
	// in a different watch, and thus can potentially be observed later, even though
	// they happened before node removal.
	if len(n.pods) == 0 && n.node == nil {
		delete(cache.nodes, node.Name)
	}

	cache.nodeTree.RemoveNode(node)
	cache.removeNodeImageStates(node)
	return nil
}

// addNodeImageStates adds states of the images on given node to the given nodeInfo and update the imageStates in
// scheduler cache. This function assumes the lock to scheduler cache has been acquired.
func (cache *schedulerCache) addNodeImageStates(node *v1.Node, nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
	newSum := make(map[string]*ImageStateSummary)

	for _, image := range node.Status.Images {
		for _, name := range image.Names {
			// update the entry in imageStates
			state, ok := cache.imageStates[name]
			if !ok {
				state = &imageState{
					size:  image.SizeBytes,
					nodes: sets.NewString(node.Name),
				}
				cache.imageStates[name] = state
			} else {
				state.nodes.Insert(node.Name)
			}
			// create the imageStateSummary for this image
			if _, ok := newSum[name]; !ok {
				newSum[name] = cache.createImageStateSummary(state)
			}
		}
	}
	nodeInfo.imageStates = newSum
}

// removeNodeImageStates removes the given node record from image entries having the node
// in imageStates cache. After the removal, if any image becomes free, i.e., the image
// is no longer available on any node, the image entry will be removed from imageStates.
func (cache *schedulerCache) removeNodeImageStates(node *v1.Node) {
	if node == nil {
		return
	}

	for _, image := range node.Status.Images {
		for _, name := range image.Names {
			state, ok := cache.imageStates[name]
			if ok {
				state.nodes.Delete(node.Name)
				if len(state.nodes) == 0 {
					// Remove the unused image to make sure the length of
					// imageStates represents the total number of different
					// images on all nodes
					delete(cache.imageStates, name)
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) AddPDB(pdb *policy.PodDisruptionBudget) error {
	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()

	// Unconditionally update cache.
	cache.pdbs[string(pdb.UID)] = pdb
	return nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) UpdatePDB(oldPDB, newPDB *policy.PodDisruptionBudget) error {
	return cache.AddPDB(newPDB)
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) RemovePDB(pdb *policy.PodDisruptionBudget) error {
	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()

	delete(cache.pdbs, string(pdb.UID))
	return nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) ListPDBs(selector labels.Selector) ([]*policy.PodDisruptionBudget, error) {
	cache.mu.RLock()
	defer cache.mu.RUnlock()
	var pdbs []*policy.PodDisruptionBudget
	for _, pdb := range cache.pdbs {
		if selector.Matches(labels.Set(pdb.Labels)) {
			pdbs = append(pdbs, pdb)
		}
	}
	return pdbs, nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) IsUpToDate(n *NodeInfo) bool {
	cache.mu.RLock()
	defer cache.mu.RUnlock()
	node, ok := cache.nodes[n.Node().Name]
	return ok && n.generation == node.generation
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) run() {
	go wait.Until(cache.cleanupExpiredAssumedPods, cache.period, cache.stop)
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) cleanupExpiredAssumedPods() {
	cache.cleanupAssumedPods(time.Now())
}

// cleanupAssumedPods exists for making test deterministic by taking time as input argument.
func (cache *schedulerCache) cleanupAssumedPods(now time.Time) {
	cache.mu.Lock()
	defer cache.mu.Unlock()

	// The size of assumedPods should be small
	for key := range cache.assumedPods {
		ps, ok := cache.podStates[key]
		if !ok {
			panic("Key found in assumed set but not in podStates. Potentially a logical error.")
		}
		if !ps.bindingFinished {
			glog.V(3).Infof("Couldn't expire cache for pod %v/%v. Binding is still in progress.",
				ps.pod.Namespace, ps.pod.Name)
			continue
		}
		if now.After(*ps.deadline) {
			glog.Warningf("Pod %s/%s expired", ps.pod.Namespace, ps.pod.Name)
			if err := cache.expirePod(key, ps); err != nil {
				glog.Errorf("ExpirePod failed for %s: %v", key, err)
			}
		}
	}
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) expirePod(key string, ps *podState) error {
	if err := cache.removePod(ps.pod); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	delete(cache.assumedPods, key)
	delete(cache.podStates, key)
	return nil
}

func (cache *schedulerCache) NodeTree() *NodeTree {
	return cache.nodeTree
}
